![]() ![]() The experiment was done with four replicates in a 3 × 5 +1 factorial scheme, using three fertilizer sources (mineral fertilizer, organomineral fertilizer pelletized with biosolids, and organomineral fertilizer pelletized with the filter cake) five doses (60%, 80%, 100%, 120%, and 140% of the recommended dose of fertilization for corn) and an additional control treatment (absence of fertilization). Therefore, to understand the solubility of nutrients from organomineral fertilizers pelleted with biosolids and sugarcane filter cake, and to evaluate the resulting chemical changes in soil from its use, an experiment was performed in a completely randomized design. Soil fertility has become an interconnected aspect of modern agriculture, incorporating factors such as nutrient availability from soil, and its revision has become necessary for ensuring sustainability. Therefore, TM can be used in agricultural systems as a viable source of Mg and Si and as soil acidity amendment to promote sustainable agriculture. For both crops, the greatest increases in GY were obtained at a TM dose of 1,050 kg ha ⁻¹, with increases of 1,068 and 3,658 kg ha ⁻¹ for soybean and maize, respectively, compared with the control. W100G increased by 11% in soybean at a TM dose of 1,050 kg ha ⁻¹ and 23% in maize at a TM dose of 1,400 kg ha ⁻¹ dose. The increases in photosynthetic rates and carbohydrate partitioning led to increases in the weight of 100 grains (W100G) and grain yield (GY). Responses to the application of TM were observed up to the highest doses (1,4 kg ha ⁻¹ ), with increases in soil concentrations of Mg and Si, soil pH, leaf pigments, gas exchange parameters, and carbohydrate concentrations but decreases in starch content. Six TM doses (0, 350, 700, 1050, 1400, 1750 kg ha ⁻¹ ) with four replicates were applied prior to the first season. The study was performed under rainfed conditions during three consecutive crop seasons in 2018/2019 (soybean), 2019 (maize), and 2019/2020 (soybean). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of increasing doses of TM on crop yield soil chemical attributes and leaf contents of Mg, Si, reducing sugars, sucrose, and starch in a soybean-maize crop rotation system. TM positively impacts soil properties and provides nutrients that are available for uptake by plants however, information on the effects of TM on plant physiology in cropping systems is limited. Thermomagnesium (TM), a byproduct of Ni ore mining, can be processed as a clean alternative to conventional fertilizers as a source of magnesium (Mg) and silicon (Si) for agriculture.
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